Kyoto is the former capital of Japan and - even though it is a large and modern city, it feels small and traditional. You can find lots of temples, kimonos and geishas, all you need for some great pictures. Between Kyoto and Osaka is Nara, another former capital worth visiting.
The Tokyo metropolitan area with 30 million people is probably the largest city in the world. You can find the best hotels, the finest restaurants and the most luxury cars, watches, clothes, just as electronics etc here. There is also lots of night life, some great temples and the world famous fish market (for the best sushi).
Hokkaido is the large island in the North of Japan with Sapporo as capital. It has a lot of beautiful nature including Lakes, Volcanoes and a lot of flowers. And in winter it really is a white wonderland...
Kamakura was "the capital" of Japan from 1185 to 1333. Kamakura is a popular domestic tourist destination in Japan as a coastal city with a high number of seasonal festivals, as well as ancient Buddhist and Shinto shrines and temples. Kamakura is known among Buddhists for having been the cradle of Nichiren Buddhism during the 13th century.
Sapporo, capital of the mountainous northern Japanese island of Hokkaido, is famous for its beer, skiing and annual snow festival featuring enormous ice sculptures.
Sapporo was also the host for the 1972 Winter Olympics.